???NASA16?NASA????ESA???????????
???????JUICE2022??202910????4???????????Io???Europa?Ganymede??Callisto????C???NASA??????1.144?
JUICE?????20152025????10??NASA?????PEP????????
????????????2?????????????PEP6????M??3D???????????????????????????????
NASA??????JUICENASA?????Europa Clipper????????????????????????JUICE????????
???????????????????????????
???
???????1995??????????????????????2003????????????????????????
?